PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID

Now adopted by police forces across the UK and overseas, 'Project Griffin' was developed by the City of London Police and introduced in Central London over a decade ago in partnership with the Metropolitan Police Force. It advises and trains organisations on security and counter-terrorism.

In the project it has been seen that victims respond in different ways after a bomb explosion. The majority will be numbed by the shock of the event, a minority will be thrown into total panic and another small group will retain the presence of mind to help fellow victims. Clearly, in such extreme circumstances those who retain the composure to help others are of most immediate use.

10th October 2016 marks World Mental Health Day. The theme of the day this year is ‘Psychological First Aid’ (PFA). One immediate application of PFA is in providing support in the aftermath of crisis events such as terrorist atrocities, war, or famine. A less obvious, but more widespread, application of PFA is with individuals who experience overwhelming stress that is cumulative rather than sudden.

Changes happen to all of us over which we have no control, and this applies whatever our background. The experience of many who contact us at Catalyst is of a deterioration in mental health over an extended period of time and of continuing to work under increasing pressure. PFA is equally applicable in situations in which stresses are sudden or cumulative.

Recognise

How do we recognise signs of burnout in ourselves and those in our teams?
When mental illness develops, changes will be noticeable to a greater or lesser degree by others who work with us. Broadly these will relate to attendance, productivity and mood. There may be an increase in unexplained absences or sick leave. People may become more disorganised, work more slowly, and make mistakes more often. There may be a tendency to avoid delegating tasks or to try to work too hard. Stressed staff may become indecisive and decision-making can be impaired. There may be a noticeable increase in dissatisfied clients. Changes in mood will almost certainly be noticed by co-workers, for example more frequent irritability or tearfulness, overreacting to difficult situations, tiredness or lack of motivation, apparent loss of self-esteem, a tendency to withdraw from social contact, and possibly a lack of interest in self presentation and appearance. Although normally disguised, there may be an increased use of alcohol, drugs or tobacco.

Respond

It may be hard to detect these subtle or more obvious changes in co-workers. When noticed, it can be far harder to know how to raise this with the person in question. How do we break the ice? We need to listen. And we need to do so in a non-judgemental way. We need to be curious, but not intrusive, about the other person’s experience. Even if their response may be negative and they say that they are OK, the ice has been broken and they will know that somebody else is trying to get alongside them and help at a difficult time. We can ask what we might be able to do to help. This will give them space to reflect about what has been going on and what help might be available to them.

Refer

Once the ice has been broken, then practical steps can be considered. We can point to help that might be available from medical or counselling professionals. And we can let them know that they can keep the conversation going with us for as long as needed.

Respect

Not only should we respect others’ privacy and confidences but, probably above everything else, we should be aware of a likely loss of self-respect in people who feel overwhelmed and burnt out. The stigma that attaches to mental illness can be a huge factor that prevents people from seeking out help in the first place.

Although circumstances may overwhelm us at times there are steps that we can take to regain control and help ourselves and others. Preparing ourselves to respond in a crisis situation, whether after a sudden terrorist attack or a colleague’s gradual burnout, may not guarantee that we do so with presence of mind and composure, but it will certainly increase the chances that we do.